Philippines FOOD MARKET REPORTS Save up to 30%! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Report Title: Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) Report Type: V - Voluntary Report Report Subject: Annual Marketing Plan Information Report Approved By: Lawrence E. Hall Drafted By: John Wade -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Security Classification: Unclassified--Not Official USDA Data Date Due (MM/DD/YY): 07/29/96 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents PAGE OVERVIEW..................................................................... 1 General Economy.............................................................. 1 U.S. MARKET POSITION......................................................... 4 Current Position............................................................. 4 Market Environment........................................................... 5 DOMESTIC AND THIRD-COUNTRY COMPETITION....................................... 6 CONSUMER-READY PRODUCT TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES............................. 7 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSUMER-READY FOOD PRODUCTS........................... 9 DOMESTIC FOOD-PROCESSING SECTOR............................................. 10 SUMMARY STATISTICS TABLE - 1995............................................. 11 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:.................................................... 11 Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 1 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) MARKET OVERVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Philippines continues to emerge as one of the brightest prospects in Asia for growth in exports of U.S. consumer-oriented food and beverages. After decades of stagnation, the country is now showing the dynamic growth typical of its neighbors. Further, with a growing population, limited agricultural resources, and a pre-disposition to U.S. products, prospects look excellent for continued robust growth for American foods and beverages. General Economy For years, analysts bemoaned the Philippines' poor economic performance in the face of great potential. Bitter and often violent political conflict discouraged local and foreign investment, as did a myopic government economic policy which unsuccessfully attempted to promote growth through import substitution. Beginning in the 1960's up through the end of the Marcos regime in 1986, the Government greatly restricted trade and created numerous state-owned corporations and officially sanctioned monopolies and oligopolies. All of which fostered tremendous inefficiency in the economy. Although the overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, offered hope, it was not until the early 1990's in the later part of the Cory Aquino administration, that real economic policy changes began. These have continued and grown. In the current Fidel Ramos administration, economic reform is touted as its top priority. The Government continues to sell off state-owned enterprises. Also, the financial and energy sectors have been significantly liberalized and tariff reductions and special economic zones have greatly revitalized external trade and the Philippines integration with the world economy. The reforms are having tangible favorable results. In 1994, growth in GNP was 5.3 percent. In 1995, it was 5.7 percent despite a rice shortage caused by the Government's failure to import in a timely manner. In 1995 as well, the per capita GDP for the first time exceeded $1,000. Further, first-quarter economic data indicate that the Government's 6.5 to 7.5 percent growth target is definitely achievable in 1996. Beyond 1996, prospects for continued growth are bright, with private analysts improving their risk ratings for the Philippines and projecting Philippine corporate earnings among Asia's best. Foreign investment should continue strong, and with a relatively well-educated, largely English-speaking population, the basics for continued growth are good. A return to political stability also augurs well for the economic future. Last years elections for Congress were, by and large, Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 2 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) MARKET OVERVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- peaceful, and affirmed support for the current Government and its economic policies. Also the Government appears to have just reached a major settlement with Muslim separatists in the southern island of Mindanao. Under the agreement, the former leader of the main rebel group has agreed to run for and will very likely win the governorship of the an autonomous region for the Muslims. This should, if not eliminate, at least lessen the Philippines most pressing security problem. Food Market For the Philippines, economic growth is translating to even higher rates of growth in consumer-oriented food imports. As with surrounding Asian countries, economic success is increasing the size of the urban middle class. This new class is interested in a greater diversity in their food than traditional diets offer. Also, with all adult members of families in this urban class frequently working outside the home, consumers are increasingly demanding easily prepared food. Supermarkets report that sales continued to increase strongly in 1995 and the first half of 1996. Because of improving incomes and the increasing need for convenience, urban dwellers are also dining out more often. Rapid growth continues in fast food chains for hamburgers, pizza, chicken, noodles, ice cream, and donuts. These include many American franchises as well as several purely Filipino chains. Texas Chicken, and Kenny Rogers Roasters are two recent entrants to this market. More upscale Western-style restaurants are also doing well -- particularly the less formal establishments and those offering ethnic foods. Two T.G.I.Fridays, a Hard Rock Cafe, and a Tony Romas have opened in Manila over the last year and a half. Local steak houses do well as do restaurants with live entertainment. Korean, Italian, Thai and Japanese restaurants are also increasingly common. Traditional Filipino restaurants are still popular, but fine-dining is definitely not a growth sector. Steady growth in the number of western-style supermarkets continues both in Metro Manila and increasingly in the smaller cities. Many of these supermarkets carry product lines essentially very similar to what one will find in a typical U.S. supermarket. Despite a significant lowering of tariffs in recent years and frequent evasion of tariffs, prices still usually run 50 percent higher than U.S. prices for the same item. The supermarkets are increasingly sophisticated in their sales operations with many introducing bar-code checkout systems in Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 3 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) MARKET OVERVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- recent years. Many are also developing large produce and meat sections, although inadequate expertise and facilities mean their sanitation and appearance usually fall well short of Western standards. Despite Supermarket gains, the traditional open-air markets still account for the lions share of produce and meat sales. Trade Restrictions As of May 1, 1996, the Philippine Government technically eliminated all its non-tariff trade barriers except for a quota on rice. However, the Government only published its plan for implementing tariff-rate quotas in early July. This will allow entry of previously banned products. If all goes as stated, the Government will issue import permits in early August -- over a year after the market was suppose to open under the Philippines World Trade Organization commitments. The tariff-rate-quotas are largely irrelevant for consumer oriented products, with the notable exception of chilled and frozen pork and poultry meat. The Philippines has agreed to import upwards of 32,000 tons of pork per year at 30 percent tariff. For poultry, they have agreed to upwards of 14,000 tons at 50 percent tariff. Above these quotas, both items will initially enter at 100 percent tariff, dropping to 60 percent by the year 2000. The Philippines only agreed to quotas for unprocessed meat cuts. For processed meats, its not completely clear, but it appears the 100 falling to 60 percent tariff regime will apply for all imports. If implemented without hindrance, the new system should mean upwards of $30 million per year in new pork imports and upwards of $10 million in new poultry meat imports. Previously banned fresh onions and potatoes should now also be allowed entry, but establishing phytosanitary protocols could delay entry for some time. For nearly all other food and drink, recently issued executive orders will further reduce tariffs through the year 2000. Particularly encouraging are lower rates on chocolate confections, tree nuts, fresh fruits, and liquor (including wine and beer). The confections and nuts already carry a 10 percent tariff, down from 1995's 50 and 30 percent respectively. The fruits and liquor have already dropped to at most 30 percent and will drop further to 20 percent by 1998. This is opposed to a 50 percent tariff which was applied on these products through 1995. The Government's stated goal is a uniform 5 percent tariff on all products, agricultural or not, by the year 2004. With producer resistance high, it is not clear, however, if indeed this goal Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 4 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) MARKET OVERVIEW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- will be realized at least for some of the more sensitive agricultural products, like pork, poultry meat, fresh vegetables, corn and rice. The Philippines abandoned on July 1, 1996, its unique system of tariff valuation called the Home Consumption Value (HCV). In its place the Government has adopted an average export value system (often referred to as the "Brussels definition") for tariff valuation. The recently passed legislation also stipulates that the country must go to a transaction value system by the year 2000. The Swiss-based inspection services company, Societe Generale de Surveillance (SGS), which determined HCV values will retain its contract with the Government for inspection of cargos at point of origin. U.S. MARKET POSITION Current Position U.S. exports of consumer-oriented food products to the Philippines hit an all time record of $126.4 million in 1995, up more than $13 million or 12 percent as compared to the 1994 record. Further, for the first four months of 1996, imports are already up 25 percent over last year's record pace. In 1995, all-time records were again set for many of the products which have led the surge in recent years--frozen french fries, grapes ( the United States' third biggest market in 1995), apples, canned fruit (particularly fruit cocktail), canned vegetables, tree nuts and meats. A new U.S. star for 1995 was wine. Wine sales more than doubled to $773,000 The wine sales helped push the U.S. share of imports from 5 to 15 percent, to a large extent at the expense of France, whose share fell from 30 to 20 percent. Direct beer sales also more than quadrupled to $450,000, although a good portion of increased beer sales appear to have merely replaced previous years transhipments through Hong Kong. Still, among imported beers, American beers are by far the most preferred and account for at least half of all imports. In 1995, the United States had the largest market share by volume for apples, grapes and oranges with 32, 78, and 35 percent respectively. These numbers do not account for transshipment through Taiwan and Hong Kong which could account for another 10 percent market share. The U.S. presence in the grape and orange areas seems secure, although increased off-season sales of Chilean grapes may technically indicate a loss of market share. For apples, though, New Zealand and Australia seem to be having some success in cutting into U.S. share which, despite record sales, still fell in 1995 as compared to 1994. Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 5 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) U.S. MARKET POSITION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Although transshipments make it a bit difficult to tell, the United States also appears to be maintaining a dominant position in the frozen french fry market. Canada, however did triple direct sales in 1995, but these still only account for about 5 percent of the market. Chocolate confections, one of the strong sellers in recent years, showed a sharp drop according to U.S. statistics to $11 million in 1995 as compared to $18 million in 1994. However this drop could be a result of Philippine Customs' irregularities. Indeed the Philippine numbers show exports unchanged over the 2 years at the lower $11 million level. With such high tariffs, (50 percent in 1995) it seems likely that the $11 million figure greatly understates the true value of imports. Certainly, there is no anecdotal evidence of a reduced enthusiasm for U.S. chocolates. By Philippine figures, the United States is maintaining an approximate 45 percent share of the chocolate confectionery import market, and a walk through the supermarkets quickly establishes the importance of U.S. chocolate products. The United States accounts for only a small share of the huge dairy import market. Except for some 1995 dry-milk sales under the U.S. Governments Dairy Export Incentive Program(DEIP), this has been mostly sales of whey for animal feed and, more recently, for food processing as well. Representatives of the U.S. dairy industry feel, however, that reduced export subsidies by competitors, and reduced price supports in the United States could make other U.S. dairy products very competitive in coming years even without the DEIP. For meat, the share of beef imports is also small, but this is somewhat deceptive because the country imports so much low-quality beef from Australia and the European Union for processing into hamburger patties and canned meat. U.S. beef has an extremely good reputation, and dominates the high-quality market in the hotels, restaurants and supermarkets. Traders are also optimistic about the pork and poultry meat markets that will partially open beginning August, 1996. They feel that the United States has a good shot at getting most of the pork and perhaps a good part of the chicken market. Whole frozen turkeys are already coming from the U.S. in small amounts, and this market is also expected to grow. Market Environment In general, U.S. food products are well represented in Philippine supermarkets and enjoy a good reputation for quality among Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 6 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) U.S. MARKET POSITION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- consumers in all income brackets. Many Filipinos travel to the United States, and it is very common to find Filipinos who have relatives in the United States. Filipinos are familiar with U.S. food and beverages and inclined to purchase them. The fact that 80 to 90 percent of Filipinos can at least read English is another big plus for the United States in this market. Communicating with the local trade, who are without fail fluent in English, is easy. Also, the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration serve as the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drug's main reference for policy guidelines pertaining to food additives, good manufacturing practices, and suitability of packaging materials for food use. Hence, compliance with U.S. regulations for packaged foods, particularly for labeling will almost always assure compliance with Philippine regulation. Exporters should be aware, though, that there are some differences in the Filipino's palates as compared to that of an American. Most notably, Filipinos tend to have a greater affinity for sweet-tasting foods than do Americans. Local traders have indicated that fruit juices and hot dogs, which are both very popular here, would probably do better if reformulated to a sweeter taste than in America. This is doubtlessly the case for other products as well. DOMESTIC AND THIRD-COUNTRY COMPETITION Major competitors for the consumer-ready food market are Australia, the European Union, New Zealand, Chile, and China. There are also large transhipments of food products through Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Much of this transhipment is of U.S. origin, but it is difficult to establish a definite percentage. Not surprisingly, price plays a major role in determining country market shares. Delivery time and freight rates are also important factors. The most important advantages for the United States are product variety, quality, and pro-American tastes and preferences. The European Union is a major supplier of processing meat, dairy products and wine. Its marketing advantage is clearly price with the aid of production and export subsidies. Australia and New Zealand are also major suppliers of dairy products, beef, processed foods and fruit. Competition from domestically-produced foods is increasing in some areas, especially snack foods such as corn chips, candies and cookies. However, the local climate makes it very difficult to manufacture quality chocolate confection. Beer and non-alcoholic beverages such as fruit-drink mixes and Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 7 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) DOMESTIC AND THIRD-COUNTRY COMPETITION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- carbonated soft drinks are produced locally and imports still only account for a minuscule part of these markets. Still, as noted in the previous section, imported U.S. beer is making some gains, and specialty drinks like Gatorade and aerated water seem to have considerable potential. Many locally popular condiments are also produced in the Philippines, although some popular items such as catsup, steak sauce, and hot sauce are available only as imports. Imported fresh fruits such as apples, table grapes and oranges are often lower priced than many domestic fruits such as bananas, mangoes and pineapples, in large part because of strong export demand for Philippine fruit in Japan and other Asian countries. Because of only just recently lifted bans on imports of pork and chicken, and relatively high tariffs on beef imports, most meat is processed locally. However some canned meat has entered the country. Corned beef is a big import particularly from South America. Further, despite bans, a significant amount of canned pork is entering the country particularly from the United States. Imported Spam and canned hams appear to be particularly popular. CONSUMER-READY PRODUCT TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES As noted in the market overview section, the Philippines expanding urban population continues to demand more consumer-ready food products because of the Filipinos' increasing desire and financial ability to demand more convenience and variety in their food. Women frequently work, and for the emerging middle class, hired domestic help is becoming less and less affordable as the general standard of living increases in the country. Probably more so than in other Asian countries, Western and other foreign influences are significantly changing the Philippine diet. In large part because of the convenience of alternatives, rice is now less important to the urban Philippine diet. Bread products, processed meats, instant noodles, and Western-style snack foods are increasingly more popular particularly in lunches for students and workers. The Government as noted in other sections, should, beginning August 1996, allow imports of pork and poultry meat. The upwards of 32,000 tons per annum of pork that will enter at 30 percent tariff and the more that 14,000 tons of poultry meat at 50 percent tariff, should be very competitive in the local market. The initial 100 percent tariff for out-of-quota pork and poultry cuts as well as the initial 100 percent tariff on all processed pork and chicken should be prohibitive though. Also, both items, processed or not, are apparently being allowed into the Philippines large duty-free system and not counted against the tariff-rate quota. Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 8 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) CONSUMER-READY PRODUCT TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This will not only create a very promising immediate opportunity for U.S. exporters of pork and poultry meat, but also, as tariff barriers continue to ease, further strong growth is very likely. The domestic industry may be able to reduce production costs, particularly through lower tariffs on imported feeds, but land and environmental constraints will likely make expansion difficult in the future particularly for hog production. With the population growing at 2 percent a year and incomes increasing, more pork and poultry meat imports will almost certainly be needed to keep up with an exploding domestic demand. The market for imported high-quality beef cuts, also continues to look promising despite a potential problem. In connection with implementation of other tariff-rate quotas mandated by the Uruguay Round Agreement, the Government unilaterally imposed a tariff-rate quota on beef which could at times raise the tariff to 60 percent from the current 30 percent. However, at least for the short term, the quota for beef seems large enough that this will not happen. Further, high-quality cuts constitute a very small portion of total beef imports and do not for the most part compete directly with local producers. Therefore, it is possible that higher tariffs can be completely avoided for high-quality cuts, even if they are at some time imposed on beef imported for processing. Even with the potential new tariff protection, outside of some feedlots fattening Australian cattle for the wet markets and processing industry, the local cattle industry is not likely to grow appreciably in the foreseeable future. It will be very difficult to profitably raise cattle in this crowded tropical country capable of producing meat good enough for fast-food chain hamburgers, let alone high-quality cuts. Therefore, high-quality imports will likely grow steadily to meet the needs of steak houses and other restaurants. Supermarket sales of imported high-quality beef, though still very small, also look to be an excellent opportunity for the future. Already, over the last year, two U.S. companies, one working with a local processor for marketing, appear to have had success with portion-controlled sales in the supermarkets. Until now, all beef imports have been frozen, but several importers have suggested that chilled beef imports could be successful. The Philippines however, has such inadequate cold storage and handling facilities, that no one has yet seriously attempted this. With improvement in the system over the coming years, chilled beef imports could be a real medium-term prospect. Imported alcoholic beverages are also an important developing market. Imports of all alcoholic beverages held at about $30 million in 1995, but, wine and beer imports jumped noticeably. Even though official figures showed a drop in 1995, high-quality hard liquor still dominate this import market. Whiskey accounts Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 9 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) CONSUMER-READY PRODUCT TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for well over half of all alcohol imports with expensive Scotches, most notably Johnny Walker, being very popular. Continued good opportunities for U.S. growth in this area seems certain, especially for wine and beer. Even sales of U.S. hard liquor did better last year, but importers will continue to have to invest some considerable time and money in marketing to establish brand loyalty against some already well-established brands particularly for whiskey. Because liquors avoid both stiff tariffs and excise taxes in the duty-free shops, these are a very fertile area for growth in high-quality liquor sales of all kinds. Another trend which has just begun to take hold in the Philippines is a move toward healthier food. The Philippine diet includes more fat and sugar than many of its Asian neighbors, and although reliable data is hard to come by, the country appears to have a relatively high rate of hypertension, heart disease and other diet-related health problems. Beside this, since the Philippine culture is so closely tied to the American culture, trends which are popular in America invariably appear in the Philippines. Foods which can tout low-calorie, low-fat, or low-salt benefits should be increasingly popular in coming years. However, one still sees little of a trend to organically-grown or other chemically-free products. Although still relatively rare, microwaves are definitely growing in popularity. Microwavable products are an area that exporters should track closely. Refrigerators are more common in households than microwaves, but still the potential for growth is huge. Increased affluence will continue to lead to growth in the number and size of refrigerators in homes and lead to more and more purchases of chilled and frozen products. The burgeoning restaurant trade will also continue to be a source for growth of consumer-oriented food and beverage imports. Although fast-food franchises will grow, exporters should also be aware of the potential for more upscale American-style restaurants like T.G.I.Fridays, and Hard Rock Cafe, which cater to the Philippines' huge and increasingly-affluent young-adult population. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSUMER-READY FOOD PRODUCTS The market for most imported consumer-ready food items is mainly in urban centers. Here, most imports of consumer-ready products are done by traders and importers, who distribute to supermarkets, hotels, restaurants and other retail outlets. However, some larger supermarket chains and hotels are importing much of their dry product directly. Exporters should also be aware that exclusive dealerships are often difficult to maintain in the Philippines. Products enter the country through many channels, and the legal system is not strong enough to stop imports not sanctioned by exclusive agents. Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 10 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS CONSUMER-READY FOOD PRODUCTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Despite the continued growth of supermarkets, corner grocers (sari-sari stores) and open-air wet markets are still widespread and carry some imported goods. Sales of imported fresh fruit through these outlets are particularly important. Often, purchases of fresh produce and fresh meat are made from wet markets, while dry and canned goods are bought from supermarkets, but a growing portion of the urban middle class is fulfilling all of its food needs from the supermarkets. Western-style convenience stores, in particular Seven-Eleven, are also becoming very popular. As noted in the overview, duty-free retailers are creating real competition for traditional retailers, particularly for higher-quality foods and beverages. These shops are located at airports and on the former U.S. military bases, but now apparently are also set to grow in other special economic zones as well. Duty-free shops on the former bases limit purchases to $100 dollars per month for local residents. Also, at any duty-free, Filipinos entering the country after an absence of 6 months or more can purchase $2,000 per trip, and all other travelers entering the country can spend $1,000 per trip. Also, it appears that the duty-free zones are serving as a conduit for very significant amount of imports to reach the regular retail channels whether by resales of legal purchases or otherwise. Except for popular and fast-selling items, the majority of consumer-ready products are purchased and shipped in mixed-load containers. In the latter case, it is very common for local importers to maintain consolidators, usually on the U.S. West coast. Some Philippine companies maintain buying agents in the United States as well. Fresh fruits are usually brought in by importers who distribute directly to supermarkets as well as to wholesalers and other retailers. Frozen foods and dairy products are imported by brokers and increasingly directly by the large end-users, particularly the large processors. DOMESTIC FOOD-PROCESSING SECTOR The Philippine food processing sector is projected to continue to grow strongly in 1996. This sector is diverse in terms of business size and activity. It is dominated by large-scale agro-industrial corporations, but small and medium size companies also exist. Most firms are dedicated primarily to supplying the fast-growing domestic market, but a few, primarily large, processors are also involved in exports of processed fruits, as well as canned tuna and other processed fish. Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 11 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) DOMESTIC FOOD-PROCESSING SECTOR -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- this move toward lower, more uniform tariffs will continue at least through the year 2000. Since the Philippine processed-food market is growing so quickly, less protectionism does not appear to be translating into an overall contraction of the processing industry. However, it appears to be restructuring in favor of larger more-efficient operations. Further, a long-term increase in the proportion of processed foods which are imported seems inevitable. The food processing industries with the largest requirements for imported food ingredients and additives include baked goods, dairy products, processed meats, and beverages. A few large and relatively technologically sophisticated companies dominate all of these industries except baking, which still has many small operations. Wheat for baked goods is the biggest single imported input used by the processing industry. Since the Philippines has a tiny domestic dairy industry, imported dairy products are also very important. Dairy products are processed into a variety of products, including milks, infant formulas, and cheese products, and are included in a variety of baked goods and snacks. The meat processing industry over the past 5 years has come to depend heavily on imported beef. With the partial liberalization of pork and poultry, discussed in the previous sections, the industry can be expected to rely increasingly on imports for these meat inputs as well. SUMMARY STATISTICS TABLE - 1995 Agricultural Imports (Total/Million U.S. $) $ 2,444.2 Agricultural Imports As a Percent of Total Imports 9.2% U.S. Market Share of Total Agricultural Imports 30.3% High Value Product Agricultural Imports (Million U.S.$) $767.0 Ag. Trade Balance with the U.S. (Million U.S. $) ($ 186.4) Major Metropolitan Areas (Numbers) 41 Total Population (Million) 70 Population Growth (Percent) 2.2% Urban Population (Million) 33.8 urban Population Growth (Percent) 3.5% Female Population Employed (Percent) 40.0% Per Capita Gross Domestic Product (U.S. $) $1,059 Per Capita Food Expenditures (U.S. $) $430 Report Code: RP9662V AGR Number: RP6023 Page: 12 Annual Marketing Plan (HVPD ONLY) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: Office of Agricultural Affairs American Embassy 395 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave., Suite 4F Makati, Metro Manila Tel: (632) 895-9536 or 895-4708 Fax: (632) 890-2728 E-mail: WadeJ@fas.usda.gov END OF REPORT Source: U. S. Department of Commerce - National Trade Data Bank, May 6, 1999 TradePort is an authorized distributor of STAT-USA data. Philippines Main Menu Copyright © 1995 BAEF & LAACC - All Rights Reserved Developed by SAIC Internet Solutions